Your Guide to the 2024 AP Chemistry Exam
We know that studying for your AP exams can be stressful, but Fiveable has your back! We created a study plan to help you crush your AP Chemistry exam. This guide will continue to update with information about the 2024 exams, as well as helpful resources to help you do your best on test day.Unlock Cram Mode for access to our cram events—students who have successfully passed their AP exams will answer your questions and guide your last-minute studying LIVE! And don't miss out on unlimited access to our database of thousands of practice questions.
Format of the 2024 AP Chemistry Exam
Going into test day, this is the exam format to expect:
- 60 multiple-choice questions with 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete them.- - A scientific or graphing calculator is allowed and encouraged.
- 7 free-response questionswith 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete them.- - A scientific or graphing calculator is allowed and encouraged.- - 3 long free-response questions that are each worth 10 points.- - 4 short free-response questions that are each worth 4 points.- - These 7 questions are going to assess all AP Chemistry course skills outlined by the College Board.| Course Skill | Description || --- | --- || Models and Representations | Describe models and representations, including across scales. || Question and Method | Determine scientific questions and methods. || Representing Data and Phenomena | Create representations or models of chemical phenomena. || Model Analysis | Analyze and interpret models and representations on a single scale or across multiple scales. || Mathematical Routines | Solve problems using mathematical relationships. || Argumentation | Develop an explanation or scientific argument |
All information is provided by College Board inAP Chemistry Course Exam and Description. All credit to College Board.
👉 Check out the 2023 AP Chemistry Free-Response Section posted on the College Board site.
Scoring Guidelines for the AP Chemistry Exam
View an example pair of questions and the correspondingscoring guidelines (page 234) from the College Board to get an idea of what they look for in your responses! The first provided question is a short-answer response, and the second question is a long-answer response.
Check out our study plan below to find resources and tools to prepare for your AP Chemistry exam.
When is the 2024 AP Chemistry Exam and Howdo I Take it?
Tests will be taken in person at your school. Here is what we know from College Board so far:
- The exam will be in-person and on paper at your school on Monday, May 6, 2024, at 12 noon, your local time.You have 3 hours and 15 minutes to take the exam. We will have more updates from College Board soon, but as of now, this is what we know!
How should I prepare for the exam?
- First, download theAP Chemistry Cheatsheet PDF - a single sheet that covers everything you need to know at a high level. Take note of your strengths and weaknesses!
- We've put together the study plan found below to help you study between now and May. This will cover all of the units and essay types to prepare you for your exam. Pay special attention to the units that you need the most improvement in.
- Study, practice, and review for test day with other students during our live cram sessions viaCram Mode. Cram live streams will teach, review, and practice important topics from AP courses, college admission tests, and college admission topics. These streams are hosted by experienced students who know what you need to succeed.
Pre-Work: Set Up Your Study Environment
Before you begin studying, take some time to get organized.
🖥 Create a study space.
Make sure you have a designated place at home to study. Somewhere you can keep all of your materials, where you can focus on learning, and where you are comfortable. Spend some time prepping the space with everything you need and you can even let others in the family know that this is your study space.
📚 Organize your study materials.
Get your notebook, textbook, prep books, or whatever other physical materials you have. Also create a space for you to keep track of review. Start a new section in your notebook to take notes or start a Google Doc to keep track of your notes. Get yourself set up!
📅 Plan designated times for studying.
The hardest part about studying from home is sticking to a routine. Decide on one hour every day that you can dedicate to studying. This can be any time of the day, whatever works best for you. Set a timer on your phone for that time and really try to stick to it. The routine will help you stay on track.
🏆 Decide on an accountability plan.
How will you hold yourself accountable to this study plan? You may or may not have a teacher or rules set up to help you stay on track, so you need to set some for yourself. First set your goal. This could be studying for x number of hours or getting through a unit. Then, create a reward for yourself. If you reach your goal, then x. This will help stay focused!
AP Chemistry 2024 Study Plan
⚛️ Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties
Big Takeaways:
Atomic Structure and Properties dive into the makeup of the atom. This includes the subatomic particles, some (very) basic quantum mechanics, and the mole definition. We will look at important graphs, electron configurations, and describe some of the basic math necessary to describe atoms and their structure.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
Electron Configurations and Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A description of energy levels, sublevels, and the experiments used to describe electron configurations.
Periodic Trends: A discussion on atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity.
Unit 1 Review: A review of all important topics in Unit 1.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 1 Overview: Atomic Structure and Properties
- 1.1 Moles and Molar Mass
- 1.2 Mass Spectroscopy of Elements
- 1.3 Elemental Compositions of Pure Substances
- 1.4 Composition of Mixtures
- 1.5 Atom Structure and Electron Configurations
- 1.6 Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 1.7 Periodic Trends
- 1.8 Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds✍️Practice:
[object Object]: Number 5 from the 2019 AP Chemistry exam tests students on photoelectron spectroscopy.
[object Object]: Number 3, Parts (a)-(c) test students on electron configurations and periodic trends.
If you have more time or want to dig deeper:
- 💎 Check outPeriodic Table of Videos: This university made videos describing the properties of nearly every atom.
🤓 Unit 2: Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties
Big Takeaways:
Now that we have learned about the atomic structure, we can determine how atoms form chemical bonds. This section focuses mostly on molecular (covalent) and ionic compounds. For molecules, we will learn about Lewis structures, formal charge, and resonance. For ionic compounds, we will see how the atomic properties affect the characteristics of the compound.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
Lewis Structures and VSEPR: A walkthrough of drawing Lewis structures and determining their shapes.
Unit 2 Review: A review of all important topics in Unit 2.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 2 Overview: Molecular and Ionic Structure and Properties
- 2.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
- 2.2 Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy
- 2.3 Ionic Bonding and Ionic Solids
- 2.4 Metallic Bonding and Alloys
- 2.5 Lewis Dot Diagrams
- 2.6 Resonance and Formal Charge
- 2.7 VSEPR, Bond Hybridization, and Molecular Geometry✍️Practice:
[object Object]:Number 2, Part (d) tests students on Lewis structures and hybridization.
[object Object]: Number 1, Part (c) tests students on Lewis structures and bond angles and number 2, part (a) tests students on formal charge and resonance. Lastly, number 6, part (b) is a question regarding Coulomb's law and lattice energy.
If you have more time or want to dig deeper:
- 💎Check out American Chemical Society's[object Object]
🌀 Unit 3: Intermolecular Forces and Properties
Big Takeaways:
Prior to this year's changes, this was the biggest unit that AP Chemistry tested. In this unit, we'll look at intermolecular forces, the attractive forces between particles, and use this knowledge to make assumptions and predications of the bulk scale properties of the substances. In this section, we will study the properties of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
Intermolecular Forces: Watch this video which describes the different types of intermolecular forces.
Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Molecular Theory: This video describes the behavior of an ideal gas and the properties of the kinetic molecular theory.
Unit 3 (Half-Way) Review: This review discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Unit 3 Review: This is a large cumulative review covering solids, liquids, gases, solutions, and the electromagnetic spectrum.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 3 Overview: Intermolecular Forces and Properties
- 3.1 Intermolecular Forces
- 3.2 Properties of Solids
- 3.3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- 3.4 The Ideal Gas Law
- 3.5 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
- 3.6 Deviations From the Ideal Gas Law
- 3.7 Mixtures and Solutions
- 3.8 Representations of Solutions
- 3.9 Separation of Solids/Mixtures
- 3.10 Solubility and Solubility Rules
- 3.11 Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 3.12 Quantum Mechanics and the Photoelectric Effect
- ✍️Practice:
[object Object]: Number 1, Part (b) from the 2019 AP Chemistry test asks students about intermolecular forces and solutions. Number 2, part (a), (c), and (d) asks students about intermolecular forces and the ideal gas law. Lastly, Number 4 is an excellent question describing the properties of an ideal gas.
[object Object]: Number 4 asks students about deviations from the expected boiling points and intermolecular forces.
🧪 Unit 4: Chemical Reactions
Big Takeaways:
This unit introduces stoichiometry and the three types of chemical reactions that are studied in AP Chemistry; Acid-Base, Oxidation-Reduction, and Precipitation reactions. We will look at different ways to qualitatively and quantitatively describe these reactions. Some of these methods include balancing reactions, limiting and excess reactants, and titrations.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
Introduction to Chemical Reactions: This video describes the different types of reactions; Acids and Bases, Oxidation-Reduction, and Precipitation.
Stoichiometry (Part 1): This discusses basic stoichiometry, limiting reactants, and excess reactants.
Stoichiometry (Part 2): This video shows examples of gas stoichiometry.
Stoichiometry (Part 3): This video shows examples of solution stoichiometry.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 4 Overview: Chemical Reactions
- 4.1 Recognizing Chemical Reactions
- 4.2 Net Ionic Equations
- 4.3 Balancing Chemical Equations
- 4.4 Physical vs. Chemical Changes
- 4.6 Introduction to Titrations
- 4.7 Precipitation Reactions
- 4.8Introduction to Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions
- 4.9Redox Reactions✍️Practice:
[object Object]: Number 3, part (a)-(e) asks a precipitation and limiting reactant problem for an example in solution. Number 7 is a redox reaction titration. This is an excellent example of laboratory technique.
[object Object]: Number 1 , parts (a)-(c) starts with a redox reaction and a limiting reactant problem. Number 2, parts (d)-(f) describes a titration problem and asks students specific questions in regards to laboratory technique.
🏃🏻♂️ Unit 5: Kinetics
Big Takeaways:
This specific section describes the rates of chemical reactions and how we can use these concepts to determine the mechanisms of the process. We will specifically look at the differentiated and integrated rate laws to quantitatively describe the kinetics of reactions. We will dive into the collision theory to describe the reaction speed quantitatively.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
[object Object] by Bozeman Science: Reviews the intergrated rate laws and the rate law expression.
[object Object] by Professor Dave Explains: Explains Le Chatelier's Principle.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 5 Overview: Kinetics
- 5.1Reaction Rates
- 5.2Introduction to Rate Law
- 5.3Concentration Changes Over Time
- 5.4Elementary Reactions
- 5.5Collision Model
- 5.6Reaction Energy Profile
- 5.7Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms
- 5.8Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Law
- 5.9Steady-State Approximation
- 5.10Multistep Reaction Energy Profile
- 5.11Catalysts✍️Practice:
[object Object]: Number 6 asks students about the integrated raw law and reaction mechanisms.
[object Object]: Number 7, parts (b) and (c) asks students to mathematicaally apply the integrated rate laws.
🔥 Unit 6: Thermodynamics
Big Takeaways:
In Thermodynamics, we are mostly looking at Enthalpy (H). Every reaction or process in the world releases or absorbs energy, and the enthalpy value for reactions is how we study them. We will also spend time looking at calorimetry, the method for determining the enthalpy value of a reaction.
Definitely do this:
🎥Watch these videos:
[object Object]by Bozeman Science: An excellent video describing what enthalpy is and how we chemists use this value.
[object Object] by Crash Course: A good introduction to calorimetry and how we use these techniques to determine the enthalpy of reaction.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 6 Overview: Thermodynamics
- 6.1Endothermic Processes vs. Exothermic Processes
- 6.2Energy Diagrams of Reactions
- 6.3Kinetic Energy, Heat Transfer, and Thermal Equilibrium
- 6.4Heat Capacity and Coffee-Cup Calorimetry
- 6.5Phase Changes and Energy
- 6.6Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction
- 6.7Bond Enthalpy and Bond Dissociation Energy
- 6.8Enthalpies of Formation
- 6.9Hess's Law✍️Practice:
[object Object]: Number 1, parts (c)-(d) is an excellent question related to calorimetry and experimental design. Number 2, part (g) asks students about bond energies and enthalpy of reaction.
[object Object]: Number 1 is an excellent question which represents multiple units. While you might not need every answer, College Board asks questions in such a way that leads you through the question. Parts (d)-(f) particularly relate to Unit 6.
⚖️ Unit 7: Equilibrium
Big Takeaways:
Most chemical reactions exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium. In other words, the reactants react to make the products at the same rate that the products remake the reactants. This important unit has many implications and connections to the real world. We will quantitatively look at this unit by using the equilibrium expression. We will qualitatively look at this unit using Le Chatelier's Principle.
Definitely do this:
🎥 Watch these videos:
Equilibrium: This video reviews equilibrium and discusses the equilibrium constant.📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 7 Overview: Equilibrium
- 7.1Introduction to Equilibrium
- 7.2Direction of Reversible Reactions
- 7.3Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant
- 7.4Calculating the Equilibrium Constant
- 7.5Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant
- 7.6Properties of the Equilibrium Constant
- 7.7Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
- 7.8Representations of Equilibrium
- 7.9Introduction to Le Châtelier’s Principle
- 7.10Reaction Quotient and Le Châtelier’s Principle
- 7.11Introduction to Solubility Equilibria
- 7.12Common Ion Effect
- 7.13pH and Solubility
- 7.14 Free Energy of Dissolution✍️Practice:
- [object Object]: Number 2, Parts (d)-(f) asks students about the equilibrium expression and asks students to determine the equilibrium constant.
🍊Unit 8: Acids and Bases
Big Takeaways:
In acid-base chemistry, we'll analyze the pathways of free protons, H+ ions, whenever a chemical is dissolved in a solution. In this unit, we'll learn how to measure concentrations of free protons to find the pH and pOH of acids and bases. Afterwards, we move into more complicated chemistry concerning buffers and titrations and how to make calculations based on provided data.
Definitely do this:
🎥 Watch these videos by College Board:
[object Object]📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 8 Overview: Acids and Bases
- 8.1 Introduction to Acids and Bases
- 8.2 pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases
- 8.3 Weak Acid and Base Equilibria
- 8.4 Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers
- 8.5 Acid-Base Titrations
- 8.6 Molecular Structures of Acids and Bases
- 8.7 pH and pKa
- 8.8 Properties of Buffers
- 8.9 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
- 8.10 Buffer Capacity✍️Practice:
🧯 Unit 9: Application of Thermodynamics
Big Takeaways:
We'll learn about thermodynamic favorability for reactions, or how likely they are to occur given energy changes and environmental factors. First, we'll receive an introduction to entropy and learn about what absolute entropy and entropy change.
Definitely do this:
🎥 Watch these videos:
[object Object]📚Read these Fiveable study guides:
- Unit 9 Overview: Applications of Thermodynamics
- 9.1 Introduction to Entropy
- 9.2 Absolute Entropy and Entropy Change
- 9.3 Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability
- 9.4 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control
- 9.5 Free Energy and Equilibrium
- 9.6 Coupled Reactions
- 9.7 Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells
- 9.8 Cell Potential and Free Energy
- 9.9 Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions
- 9.10 Electrolysis and Faraday's Law✍️Practice:
